Freedom, power, and difference

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to highlight some criticisms of the liberal perspective, in the context of considering freedoms linked to the assertion of differences, particularly cultural differences. First, the contradiction inherent in liberalism is analyzed. The author shows that even though liberalism claims to be egalitarian, it also corresponds to the theoretical criteria of the Enlightenment, which in his view implies discrimination against what is considered reasonable or civilized, in contrast to what is considered primitive or backward. Secondly, the author explains how the assertion of difference implies a claim to power, in the very demand for recognition that a group or individual expresses. In summary, he proposes taking a more critical and less moralistic view of issues relating to pluralism and multiculturalism.