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If it is true that philosophers do not speak independently of language, if it is true – especially in the case of Parmenides – that thought and speech cannot be dissociated, then, thanks to the tools provided by philology, linguistics and semiotics, we will be able to fully understand the designation of “being” and “non-being” that surfaces at every moment in the Poem. This is how the problem of the referent will be posed and discussed, in the specific case of “non-being”, the use of negation. This question of the referent, also considered in the case of ẟóξα, ultimately sheds light on the close relationship between thought, language and being.

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